B Runel U Niversity L Ondon C Hallenges in M Edical V Isualization : a N I Nteractive a Pproach to E Xplore the E Ffect of 3 - D T Echnology on the V Isualization of P Ain

.............................................................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................... IV LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ...................................................................................... V TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... VII LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................. XI LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ XIII CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 1 1.2 RESEARCH CONTEXT AND RATIONALE ............................................. 2 1.2.1QUALITY OF SERVICES AND COST STATUS IN HEALTHCARE ......................... 2 1.2.2 MANAGING ACUTE AND CHRONIC CONDITIONS: THE IMPORTANCE OF VISUALIZATION FOR PAIN ..................................................................................... 3 1.3 RESEARCH AIM AND OBJECTIVES ....................................................... 6 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH APPROACH ..................................... 8 1.5 RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS IN BRIEF ............................................... 9 1.6 ROADMAP OF THE THESIS .................................................................... 10 CHAPTER TWO UNDERSTANDING THE PAIN EXPERIENCE 2.1 OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 12 2.2 PART ONE: UNDERSTANDING PAIN EXPERIENCE ........................ 13 2.2.1 DEFINITION OF PAIN ................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION OF PAIN ........................................................... 15 2.2.3 PAIN AS A SUBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE ........................................................... 17 2.3 PART TWO: VISUALIZING THE PAIN EXPERIENCE ...................... 18 2.3.1 ASPECTS OF PAIN TO CONSIDER ................................................................. 18 2.3.2 VISUALIZING CLINICAL PAIN INFORMATION .............................................. 19 2.3.2.1 Pain Severity Visualization Tools ...................................................... 21 2.3.2.2 Pain Experience Visualization Tools ................................................. 25 2.3.3 VISUALIZING THE SPATIAL LOCATION OF PAIN .......................................... 26 2.3.3.1 Current Techniques to Completing a Pain Drawing ......................... 28 2.3.3.2 Current Techniques to Scoring a Pain Drawing ............................... 30 2.3.3.3 The Pain Drawing as a Psychological Screening Tool ..................... 34 2.3.3.4 A Closer Look at the Pain Drawing .................................................. 35 2.4 SUMMARY ................................................................................................... 38 -